سنة النشر

2025

العنوان

A Comprehensive Review of Forming Methods for Composite Materials and Cracking

الخلاصة

This review examines three primary forming techniques for composite materials: single-point incremental forming (SPIF), vacuum forming, and compression molding. SPIF involves applying localized pressure to thermoplastic sheets, enabling the formation of complex geometrical shapes. Vacuum forming uses vacuum pressure to mold heated sheets over forms, making it well-suited for large-scale production of simpler components. Compression molding, including techniques like Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) and Injection Molding, entails compressing heated composite materials in molds under high pressure to produce strong, durable parts. The discussion of the SPIF method will cover process parameters and optimization, SPIF of hole flanges, workpiece geometry, software tools, biocompatible polymers, and heating techniques. Additionally, the review will explore different formation types in vacuum forming and compression molding. Understanding these methods is crucial for various industries utilizing composite materials, particularly with regard to their cracking behavior. These techniques offer flexibility, efficiency, and precision in producing composite components with diverse geometries and properties, addressing contemporary engineering and design challenges. © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.